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API RP 2FB PDF

Posted On December 1, 2021

API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations. Recommended Practice for the Design of Offshore Facilities Against Fire and Blast Loading, First Edition. American Petroleum Institute (API) First Edition, April 76p. This document provides guidelines and recommended practice for the satisfactory design of.

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API Standards List

However the QRA process is quite complex and can apii demanding which tends to limit rrp QRA by concentrating on representative scenarios. As a consequence there is the potential for an improvement in QRA models. This document provides guidelines and recommended practice for the satisfactory design of offshore structures against fire and blast loading. Structural elements and systems are used in provision of control and barriers for explosions and are likely to be designated safety critical elements.

Definition of NFPA – IADC Lexicon

Far higher pressures have been measured in testing, capable of causing serious structural damage similar to that which led to an escalation of events on Piper Alpha.

However large masses such as vessels commonly seen on topsides will significantly change the equivalent stiffness and mass adopted and therefore the corresponding displacements. Proceedings of an international conference Oceanology: Fire and Explosion Guidance Part 2: A fire and blast information group was subsequently established through which a number of important technical notes have been published. International Journal of Impact EngineeringVol. This publication is designed to serve as a direct field aid in well control and as a technical source for teaching Previous research has shown that as the gas cloud increases a runaway length can be reached at which point the overpressure increases significantly.

Analysis and Design of Profiled Blast Walls. Some packages can also potentially capture contact, brittle and ductile behaviour of the structure. Worldwide practice Prior to the Piper Alpha incident inlimited design guidance for offshore structures to limit the consequences of fires and explosions existed.

Application of such methodology would also provide benefits to the operators in receiving quick and reliable fire protection cost estimate. The advantages of adopting this methodology based on SRA approach are deemed to be well-suited for bidding phase, where the time and cost of carrying out detailed risk analysis is not feasible.

This RP presents recommendations for minimizing the likelihood of having an accidental fire, and for designing, inspecting, and maintaining fire control systems.

The purpose of these recommended practices is to provide information that can serve as a voluntary industry guide for safe well control operations.

Technical policy relating to structural behaviour under explosion hazards

The basic function of a FPS is to receive hydrocarbons from the wellhead, process f2b hydrocarbons, and store Single degree of freedom models This method is often apl as simple because of the simplicity of the idealisation and the fact you can obtain a response time history using a spreadsheet hence conducting parametric studies which are useful for screening different pressure time histories.

Health and Safety Executive Report, Impact of this policy This policy should have no impact for new installations as designs should incorporate the required regulatory and technical principles. The 2rb history of large ocean going vessels is a significant cause of concern in the shipping industry.

This is of relevance to the offshore sector in relationship to FPSO's where potentially larger gas cloud sizes could form due to space constraints.

API Standards List

aapi Introduction Industrial scale fire, explosion qpi environmental pollution from the production, refining, and distribution of petroleum remains one of the major concerns impacting human life and environment, incurring business losses and jeopardizing organizational reputation.

This document recommends minimum requirements and guidelines for the design and installation of electrical systems on fixed and floating petroleum facilities located offshore. Structural strengthening of offshore topsides structures as part of explosion risk reduction methods, The Steel Construction Institute, HSE rr This publication serves as a guide for those who are concerned with the design and construction of new platforms and for the relocation of existing platforms used for the drilling, development, and storage of hyd Background Prior to the Piper Alpha incident, structural design to limit the consequences of a hydrocarbon explosion was mainly confined to constructing blast walls in the well bay area.

The magnitude of the explosion loads for which the installation is designed should reflect the residual risks to persons on the installation from explosion in line with the ALARP principle.

The most complex and extensive structural modelling process adopted is the finite element method which can potentially capture all of the non-linear material and geometric behaviour together with the dynamics.

Ongoing operational safety shall be demonstrated by appropriate design capacity in conjunction with an appropriate integrity management system to ensure degradation is kept within acceptable limits. The latest industry based guidance which is currently in use is the API Recommended Practice 2FB for design of offshore facilities against fire and blast loading. Peer reviewed only Published between: Risk level Large scale testing in recent years has highlighted that significantly higher overpressures can occur as a result of an ignition of a hydrocarbon in a typical offshore module with realistic levels of congestion and confinement.

However what is certainly not simple is the way in which the actual structure is converted into a single spring and a mass which in general requires good engineering judgement and a certain degree of experience.

The methodology adopted was to conduct a risk assessment for a typical bid to arrive at the sound cost estimate for the fire protection systems. Successfully dealing with extreme uncertain events has been shown in the past to be dependent on good engineering practice, as well as appropriate QRA, such as providing continuity between elements, ductile details which avoid high stress concentrations at critical points weld details for example so that the structure can take up the energy of the blast by stable deformations and plasticity.

This method is often described as simple because of the simplicity of the idealisation and the fact you can obtain a response time history using a spreadsheet hence conducting parametric studies which are useful for screening different pressure time histories.

api rp 2fb

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate a practical approach to the cost estimation of fire protection systems during bidding stage using Simplified Risk Assessment SRA methodologies.

Some guidance from onshore petrochemical guidelines existed but this was not always appropriate for offshore applications. Duty holders must demonstrate that structures have sufficient robustness to ensure a low probability of catastrophic failure when subjected to accidental explosions.

Also the option of minimising congested areas by splitting up the processing into smaller units and introducing sufficient gaps between the units is unlikely due to space constraints and economics. This is typically taken as the mid-span with the assumption of a uniformly distributed mass and stiffness. Rpp, frequency analysis was conducted using parts count methodology to cumulate the frequency of fire scenarios.

Large scale f2b in recent years has highlighted that significantly higher overpressures can occur as a result of an ignition of a hydrocarbon in a typical offshore module with realistic levels of congestion and confinement.

Post Piper, several bars of pressure were found to be a real possibility with realistic levels of congestion and confinement. Abstract Projects with accelerated engineering, procurement, and construction EPC schedules are becoming common in the oil and gas industry with Oil Majors keen on quick and guaranteed returns on investment.

Safety critical elements Structural elements and systems are used in provision of control and barriers for explosions and are likely to be designated safety critical elements. Proceedings of an international conference Diverless and Deepwater Techology: Robustness of the integrity should be measured against the resilience of the structure to resist these loads with suitable margins to cater for the uncertainties in the load estimation, the modelling schem chosen, and the material properties of the materials used.

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api rp 2fb

This was sponsored by 28 companies and the Health and safety Executive in order to improve understanding dp the characteristics of hydrocarbon fires and explosions. HSE aims to reduce work-related death, injury and ill health.